Is Wagering Legal in Canada? Laws, Regulations & Statistics
Wagering in Canada is a patchwork of laws and regulations that can seem puzzling at first glance. The Criminal Code of Canada sets a broad framework, allowing each province to regulate its own gaming activities, making the legality and availability of wagering activities vary across the country.
While casino gaming thrives in some areas, others boast flourishing online casino industries. In this guide, we’ll explore the Canadian wagering market and its laws and regulations, as well as provide insights into the current state of wagering in Canada.
Overview of Wagering in Canada
The wagering sector in Canada is both robust and dynamic, characterized by its well-developed infrastructure encompassing a variety of activities from traditional casinos to modern online platforms.
With 700+ businesses operating nationally, including casinos, bingo parlours, and sportsbooks, the sector significantly bolsters the Canadian economy. Major operators like the Ontario Lottery and Gaming Corporation, British Columbia Lottery Corporation, and Loto-Quebec play pivotal roles, contributing billions in revenue and providing employment.
In 2024, the market size for wagering in Canada reached an impressive CA$14.2 billion, underscoring its economic importance.
The 2021 legalization of single-event sports wagering has broadened the horizons for both players and operators within Canadian online casinos. This expansion is paralleled by shifts in consumer behaviour, with a notable tilt towards digital engagement. While in-person casino experiences remain cherished, online platforms have surged in popularity, especially as COVID-19 constraints pushed more gamblers to explore these options.
Provincial governments oversee wagering regulations, ensuring Canadian gambling licenses are issued appropriately.
Canada’s Wagering Laws
Canada’s wagering laws include federal guidelines and provincial regulations. The Criminal Code of Canada sets a general framework, while each province oversees and licenses wagering within its jurisdiction.
Some of the key regulations include:
- Kahnawake Gaming Commission: Licenses and regulates Kahnawake casinos and online wagering platforms.
- Alcohol and Gaming Commission of Ontario (AGCO): Regulates Ontario’s wagering and casino activities.
- iGaming Ontario: Manages online wagering licenses in Ontario’s jurisdiction.
- British Columbia Lottery Corporation (BCLC): Oversees casino and lottery operations in British Columbia.
- Gaming Policy and Enforcement Branch (GPEB): Ensures compliance and integrity in British Columbia gaming.
- Alberta Gaming, Liquor & Cannabis (AGLC): Controls gaming, liquor, and cannabis in Alberta.
- Régie des alcools, des courses et des Jeux (RACJ): Regulates wagering, liquor, and racing in Quebec.
- Loto-Québec: Operates lotteries and casinos, ensuring legal compliance in Quebec.
Provincial Wagering Regulations in Canada
Each province has a different wagering regulatory environment. Let’s take a closer look at the regulations governing Canadian wagering in some provinces.
Alberta
In Alberta, wagering is tightly controlled by the AGLC, offering several land-based casinos, primarily in Calgary and Edmonton. These casinos often support community programs through charitable affiliations.
British Columbia
In British Columbia, wagering is overseen by the British Columbia Lottery Corporation (BCLC), ensuring a range of gaming experiences for locals and visitors alike.
With vibrant casinos in Vancouver offering slots, table games, and live shows, the entertainment options are abundant.
Manitoba
In Manitoba, wagering is managed by the Liquor, Gaming, and Cannabis Authority alongside Manitoba Liquor and Lotteries. Casino enthusiasts flock to Winnipeg’s large venues, like Club Regent and McPhillips Station, while First Nations casinos contribute to local economies.
New Brunswick
In New Brunswick, the New Brunswick Lotteries and Gaming Corporation, supported by the ALC, oversees wagering.
Casino New Brunswick in Moncton offers numerous gaming experiences, while the ALC’s Pro-Line facilitates parlay sports wagering.
For broader options, residents access international online casinos. Meanwhile, lotteries and occasional horse racing events diversify wagering activities.
Newfoundland and Labrador
Newfoundland and Labrador’s wagering scene is unique. With no land-based casinos allowed, residents mainly rely on the lottery and ALC’s Pro-Line for sports wagering. Although restrictive, international online platforms provide broader options.
Northwest Territories
In the Northwest Territories, wagering options are limited and regulated by MACA without local casinos due to existing laws. Residents rely on the WCLC’s Sports Select for parlay wagering. For casino games, international online casinos serve as an alternative, filling in gaps where local availability may fall short.
Nova Scotia
In Nova Scotia, the NSGC regulates wagering, with two popular casinos: Casino Nova Scotia Halifax and Sydney. Residents enjoy slots, table games, and live shows at these vibrant venues.
Although there’s no government-run online platform, international online casinos and sportsbooks are accessible.
Ontario
Ontario offers Canada’s broadest selection of wagering options, regulated by the AGCO and iGaming Ontario. Over 25 land-based casinos, such as those in Toronto, Niagara Falls, and Windsor, feature diverse gaming experiences. The province boasts a fully regulated online wagering market, offering safe access to over 70 licensed platforms.
Prince Edward Island
In Prince Edward Island, wagering is regulated by the Prince Edward Island Lotteries Commission, with support from the Atlantic Lottery Corporation.
Red Shores Racetrack & Casino in Charlottetown is the province’s premier venue, offering slot machines, table games, and horse racing. Residents can also access online casino options internationally, while locally, the ALC’s Pro-Line provides sports wagering.
Quebec
Quebec boasts a vibrant wagering market regulated by Loto-Quebec and the RACJ. With nine land-based casinos, like Casino de Montréal, it offers diverse gaming options.
The government-regulated platform Espacejeux facilitates online wagering. Sports wagering, including single-event wagers, is available via Mise-O-Jeu, enhancing the province’s gaming appeal.
Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan’s wagering landscape is diverse and provincially regulated by SLGA and SIGA, featuring eight casinos, including First Nations-operated venues like Dakota Dunes and Gold Eagle Casino.
While government-run online wagering isn’t available yet, residents access lottery games, horse racing, and offshore online sites.
Yukon Territory
Wagering in Yukon is limited due to its small population and remote location. While Yukon lacks permanent casinos, the unique Diamond Tooth Gerties in Dawson City operates seasonally, offering a historic saloon atmosphere. Residents access globally licensed online casinos, and the WCLC provides Sport Select for sports wagering (parlay only). Lotteries are available locally.
What Do Canadians Play the Most?
- Canadians love lottery and raffle tickets: Over half of all gamblers, 51.8%, choose lottery tickets as their go-to wagering choice due to their widespread availability and big jackpot allure.
- Instant online games are gaining traction: A notable 33% of Canadian gamblers enjoy instant lottery games, either on paper or online, attracted by the quick play and immediate gratification they offer.
- Electronic Wagering Machines (EGMs) are a common pastime: Despite the proliferation of online options, 12.60% of Canadians are still drawn to the experience of playing EGMs, enjoying the thrill of video slots and poker machines in local venues.
- Traditional casino table games hold a niche appeal: Games like blackjack, poker, baccarat, and roulette engage 7.50% of gamblers who relish the strategic interaction and social atmosphere found in casinos.
- Sports wagering is slowly climbing up: Recorded at 3.90% back in 2018, sports wagering participation was poised for a surge following the 2021 legalization of single-match wagers, which has since changed the wagering landscape in Canada.
Revenue and Participation Rates
Nationally, wagering in Canada is a significant industry, driving over $14 billion CAD in revenue each year. The sector’s vitality has been bolstered by the 2021 legalization of single-event sports wagering, which has opened new avenues for both players and operators. Provincial lotteries and online platforms account for a large portion of this lucrative inflow, illustrating the popularity and growth of wagering activities nationwide.
However, this economic success contrasts with the reality faced by many Canadian gamblers, who experience considerable losses annually; the per capita loss sits at an estimated $CAD 570.
Regional participation rates vary starkly across the country. Quebec stands out with the highest engagement, boasting a 69% wagering participation rate. In contrast, the combined regions of Saskatchewan and Manitoba show lower figures, with only 50% of their populations engaging in wagering activities.
Income levels play a pivotal role in wagering behaviours; higher-income Canadians report greater overall participation but lower risk for problem wagering compared to lower-income groups. Despite lower-income Canadians also engaging in wagering, a more significant percentage face financial issues. These findings suggest a need for targeted intervention and support for at-risk groups.
The Future of Wagering in Canada
The landscape of wagering in Canada is continually evolving, shaped by recent legislative changes and technological advances. As we look forward, it’s essential for Canadians to stay informed about the opportunities and risks associated with wagering.
Emerging trends like the rise of mobile platforms and the legalization of single-event sports wagering offer exciting new experiences.
Yet, they also demand a thoughtful approach to responsible gaming. It’s crucial to leverage resources like budgeting tools and support networks to keep wagering a manageable pastime.
Remember, knowledge is power; keep conversations open with friends and family about wagering habits, ensuring that everyone enjoys the industry safely and responsibly.
